Collateral is an asset a borrower pledges to a lender as security for a loan, which the lender can seize if the borrower defaults.
Collateral reduces a lender's risk by giving it a claim on specific assets if the loan is not repaid. Common business collateral includes equipment, inventory, receivables, real estate, or a general security agreement covering all assets. Secured lending typically carries lower interest than unsecured, because the lender's risk is lower.
For small businesses, lenders often require both collateral and a personal guarantee from the owner, meaning personal assets back the loan too. Understanding what you have pledged, and the priority of competing claims, matters greatly if the business runs into trouble.
A company borrows $150,000 secured by its equipment and a general security agreement. If it defaults, the lender can seize the pledged assets to recover the debt, which is why secured loans cost less than unsecured ones.
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A tax return is the annual filing that reports your income, deductions and credits to the CRA so the final tax for the year can be settled. Payers withhold tax during the year and the return reconciles that against what you actually owe, producing either a refund or a balance to pay. For 2025 returns filed in 2026, refunds usually arrive in about two weeks for an online return, while a paper return runs on a considerably longer standard because it is handled manually.
Multiply the pre-tax price by the combined rate for the province where the supply is made, then add that amount to the price. If the price already includes tax, divide the total by one plus the rate to get the pre-tax amount, and the difference is the tax. The rate depends on the province of supply rather than where your business sits, so verify the current rate for that province and confirm the item is not zero-rated or exempt.
EI benefits are taxable income. Service Canada withholds income tax before each payment reaches you, and the total benefits plus the tax withheld appear on your T4E for the year. That withholding follows a basic calculation rather than your full marginal rate, so people who also worked during the year often end up with a balance owing at filing. Asking Service Canada to withhold more, or setting money aside yourself, avoids a surprise. Higher-income claimants can also have to repay part of their regular benefits through the return.
Start in My Account, My Business Account or Represent a Client, where balances, slips, returns, mail and secure messages already sit. For anything the portals cannot do, use the enquiries lines on the CRA's Contact the CRA page, which are toll-free within Canada, or write to the tax centre named on your notice. When the lines are busy the phone system sometimes offers an automated call-back instead of holding.
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Reviewed and fact-checked by Udit Gupta
Ex Big 4 — Ernst & Young, Deloitte · International & cross-border tax specialist · CPA Canada (In-Depth Tax Program) · Chartered accountant, ICAI & MIA
Udit Gupta has over 15 years of experience helping corporations and business owners with corporate structuring, corporate tax filing, bookkeeping, payroll, GST/HST, cross-border tax and CRA representation. Big 4 trained at Ernst & Young and Deloitte, and qualified as a chartered accountant in India and again in Malaysia, he founded his accounting practice in 2014 to serve entrepreneurs, startups and non-resident business owners across Canada. View full member bio.
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India — member 521458 · Malaysian Institute of Accountants — member CA 44667 · Ex Big 4: Ernst & Young, Deloitte · CPA Canada (In-Depth Tax Program), completed 19 Dec 2023 · In-Depth GST/HST Part I, 12 Jul 2022 · Part II, 5 Jul 2023
Editorial policy. Every page is researched against primary sources — the Income Tax Act, CRA publications and CPA Canada guidance — and every rate or threshold is stated with the tax year it applies to.
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