Cost of goods sold is the direct cost of producing or purchasing the goods a business sold in a period, subtracted from revenue to calculate gross profit.
Cost of goods sold captures the direct costs tied to what you actually sold: the purchase cost of inventory, raw materials, and direct labour. It excludes overhead like rent and administration, which are operating expenses. Revenue minus COGS gives gross profit, the first measure of profitability on the income statement.
COGS is calculated as opening inventory plus purchases minus closing inventory, so an accurate inventory count is essential. Getting COGS right matters for both financial reporting and tax, because it directly determines gross margin and taxable income for product-based businesses.
A retailer starts with $20,000 of inventory, buys $60,000 more, and ends with $15,000. COGS is $20,000 + $60,000 − $15,000 = $65,000, subtracted from sales to find gross profit.
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Property tax is an annual municipal levy on real estate, charged by the city or town where the property sits rather than by the CRA. The bill is the assessed value of the property multiplied by the tax rate the municipality sets each year, and it funds local services such as roads, waste collection, policing and the education portion the province adds. Assessed value is set by a provincial assessment authority, so it is not the price you paid.
The HST is a single sales tax blending the federal 5% GST with a participating province's own sales tax, collected and administered by the CRA. For 2026 it is 13% in Ontario, 14% in Nova Scotia since 1 April 2025, and 15% in New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Prince Edward Island. A registrant charges HST on taxable supplies, claims input tax credits on its purchases, and remits the difference on one return. Elsewhere you charge the 5% GST plus any separate provincial tax.
Your municipality sets that, not the CRA. Most Canadian municipalities issue an interim bill and a final bill each year, each payable in one or more instalments, and many also offer a monthly pre-authorised plan spread across the year. If your mortgage lender pays the tax on your behalf, you contribute a portion with each mortgage payment instead. Your tax bill or your municipality's website lists the exact instalment dates for your property.
No. Where you give your spouse funds and they contribute to their own TFSA, the income and growth inside that plan are tax free and nothing is attributed back to you. There is no spousal TFSA, so the contribution uses your spouse's own room and the account belongs to them. Attribution can still apply later: once the money is withdrawn and invested in a non-registered account, income earned on it may be attributed to you.
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Reviewed and fact-checked by Udit Gupta
Ex Big 4 — Ernst & Young, Deloitte · International & cross-border tax specialist · CPA Canada (In-Depth Tax Program) · Chartered accountant, ICAI & MIA
Udit Gupta has over 15 years of experience helping corporations and business owners with corporate structuring, corporate tax filing, bookkeeping, payroll, GST/HST, cross-border tax and CRA representation. Big 4 trained at Ernst & Young and Deloitte, and qualified as a chartered accountant in India and again in Malaysia, he founded his accounting practice in 2014 to serve entrepreneurs, startups and non-resident business owners across Canada. View full member bio.
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India — member 521458 · Malaysian Institute of Accountants — member CA 44667 · Ex Big 4: Ernst & Young, Deloitte · CPA Canada (In-Depth Tax Program), completed 19 Dec 2023 · In-Depth GST/HST Part I, 12 Jul 2022 · Part II, 5 Jul 2023
Editorial policy. Every page is researched against primary sources — the Income Tax Act, CRA publications and CPA Canada guidance — and every rate or threshold is stated with the tax year it applies to.
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