Share Capital

Corporate

Share capital is the money a corporation raises by issuing shares to its owners, forming part of shareholders' equity on the balance sheet.

Share capital is the amount shareholders have contributed in exchange for shares. It sits in the equity section of the balance sheet alongside retained earnings, and it represents the owners' invested capital as opposed to profits the business has retained.

For tax, the related concept of paid-up capital tracks what can generally be returned to shareholders tax-free. Share capital and its structure, the classes and rights defined in the articles, underpin dividends, ownership changes and reorganisations, making it a foundational element of corporate and tax planning.

Example

When a founder subscribes for shares by paying $100,000 into the company, that $100,000 is recorded as share capital in equity, distinct from any profits the company later retains as retained earnings.

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Share Capital Frequently Asked Questions

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Share capital is what owners paid in for their shares; retained earnings are accumulated profits kept in the business. Both are components of shareholders' equity.
They are related but not identical. Paid-up capital is the tax concept tracking amounts generally returnable tax-free, which can differ from the share capital shown in the accounts.
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Udit Gupta, founder of Tax Filings Canada

Reviewed and fact-checked by Udit Gupta

Ex Big 4 — Ernst & Young, Deloitte · International & cross-border tax specialist · CPA Canada (In-Depth Tax Program) · Chartered accountant, ICAI & MIA

Udit Gupta has over 15 years of experience helping corporations and business owners with corporate structuring, corporate tax filing, bookkeeping, payroll, GST/HST, cross-border tax and CRA representation. Big 4 trained at Ernst & Young and Deloitte, and qualified as a chartered accountant in India and again in Malaysia, he founded his accounting practice in 2014 to serve entrepreneurs, startups and non-resident business owners across Canada. View full member bio.

The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India — member 521458 · Malaysian Institute of Accountants — member CA 44667 · Ex Big 4: Ernst & Young, Deloitte · CPA Canada (In-Depth Tax Program), completed 19 Dec 2023 · In-Depth GST/HST Part I, 12 Jul 2022 · Part II, 5 Jul 2023

Editorial policy. Every page is researched against primary sources — the Income Tax Act, CRA publications and CPA Canada guidance — and every rate or threshold is stated with the tax year it applies to.

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